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      Print Decorating, Binding and Finishing

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        Business Strategy

        Using a B.O.L.D. Approach to Succeed in an Unpredictable Business World

        December 9, 2016

        by Jill Johnson, president, Johnson Consulting Services

        Our economic, political and social environment is exceptionally volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. It has become increasingly difficult to develop strategies for success when every time you turn around there is another challenge that threatens your enterprise survival.

        One of the most effective methods you can employ to navigate in this unstable business climate is to take a B.O.L.D. approach. This four-point framework will focus your strategic mindset on gaining the insight and critical skills you need to thrive.

        Business strategy – Grow your organization with purpose and prosperity.

        Rethink your approach to planning. Stop engaging in strategic planning focused on fun and/or bonding events where you vision-quest about idealistic wishes for your future, resulting in ineffective plans and written reports that collect dust.

        Focus instead on grounding your planning efforts by gaining the information and insight you need to develop effective business strategies. Leverage the emerging opportunities available to you and minimize the risks that an uncertain business landscape creates for your enterprise.

        Those who thrive in an unstable environment focus on understanding the potential future of evolving trends. So what do you do now? Let go of old ideas. Coalesce your business strategies around innovation and adaption.

        Build your sustainable success on a viable future that is grounded in a full understanding of your situation, not on wishful thinking. Manage your transitions effectively by hiring more sophisticated talent to match your evolving needs. Consider how you can leverage new opportunities to enhance your operation and profitability.

        Opportunities – Uncover the potential in your market to achieve sales results.

        Effective strategic planning in turbulent times requires a deep assessment of your market opportunities. This environment is driven by significant market forces influencing your enterprise success and long-term potential. These market forces impact your business lifecycle and the on-going value of your product or service offerings to your consumers. You must fully understand the impact of the market forces determining your ability to survive and thrive.

        Staying close to your target market is crucial to your long-term success. But market needs, wants and desires change over time. You must understand how your market is changing and why. To remain feasible, you need to determine what you need to change to meet those evolving market needs.

        There are nine key market forces impacting most businesses today: shifting demographics, competitive actions, fluid economic conditions, unstable capital markets, governmental interference impacting regulations and reimbursement, technology evolution, workforce skills and capabilities, and industry changes as organizations adapt to these forces and generational shifts.

        You have no control over these market forces. Yet you continually have to adapt and adjust your strategies to respond to them.

        Leadership – Lead with confidence and effectiveness.

        It takes many, many hours to master a skill or hone your expertise. Don’t expect to be an effective leader in the beginning. It takes time. Building your insight to effectively navigate stormy strategic waters will take time too.

        Asking the right questions is the foundation of an effective strategic mindset. Yet learning to ask the right questions is extremely difficult because most people only ask superficial questions that have easy answers. Asking challenging questions allows you to deepen your understanding of the impact of each market force and their influence on your long-term potential for success.

        Effective leaders in turbulent times are not afraid to listen to divergent perspectives. They understand that their ability to take corrective action before things go completely haywire requires candor from their teams and a full understanding of the market forces.

        Confident leaders use objective advisors to get to the truth and to push their teams. Look for real expertise that has proven results. Stay away from advisors offering strong sales hype and marketing sizzle. They can do lasting damage to your enterprise.

        Decision making – Gain the clarity you need to thrive.

        Effective decision-making in an uncertain and unstable world begins with a desire for clarity. Gaining clarity requires a complete and candid understanding of your situation. Truth gives you information. Well-researched information gives you insight. Insight gives you the clarity you need to set the right priorities and focus your team on the most critical activities impacting your success.

        Make sure you are not operating under a false set of assumptions that were correct at one time but have not been updated to reflect your current situation. If your assumptions are wrong, your ability to make good decisions will be severely limited by your skewed viewpoint.

        It is critical that you reassess your assumptions about the future. Getting the right information for effective decision-making is essential. Look for more than superficial answers to the critical issues you face. Be willing to invest the time and money to bring in a fresh and different point of view to discover the truth.

        The value of taking a B.O.L.D. Approach?

        By taking a B.O.L.D. approach, you will integrate an action plan for uncertainty into every facet of your strategic mindset. By asking challenging questions to understand your current and evolving situation, you will build your confidence that you are developing the business strategies to enhance your success. You will uncover the potential in your markets. You will be a more confident and effective leader. You will make better decisions.

        As a result, others will be more confident in following your lead. If you demand more of yourself and your team, they too will think more strategically, become more effective leaders, make better decisions and achieve results designed to create lasting success for your enterprise.

        So take action now. What is the first B.O.L.D. approach step you will take to address the impact of uncertainty and volatility in your enterprise?

        Jill Johnson is the president and founder of Johnson Consulting Services, a highly accomplished speaker and an award-winning management consultant. Johnson helps her clients make critical business decisions and develop market-based strategic plans for turnarounds or growth. Her consulting work has impacted nearly $4 billion worth of decisions. She has a proven track record of dealing with complex business issues and getting results. For more information on Jill Johnson, please visit www.jcs-usa.com.

        Evaluating Used Bindery Equipment

        December 9, 2016

        by Brad Emerson, general manager, fixyourownbindery.com
        Buyers must compare specifications of potential used machines against current and future finishing product mix requirements to ensure return on investment.

        The decision to purchase new or used bindery equipment often is driven by a desire to replace two machines with a single, higher performance machine. However, most high-performance machines have reduced flexibility or reduced size range in order to achieve a higher output. Many times, binderies then are forced to outsource perfect binding, saddlestitching or hardcover finishing work because the recently installed machine is unable to run the size or format required. Therefore, buyers must carefully evaluate and compare specifications of potential used machines against current and future finishing product mix requirements so as to ensure return on investment.

        Evaluating used machinery

        A big part of selecting a used machine involves understanding and planning for future sales. For example, the buyer might need to consider if the desired line – such as a perfect binder – is able to be economically expanded to produce PUR adhesive books. Can a perfect binder or saddlestitcher be upgraded with camera barcode matching systems between covers, text or personalized endsheets in hardcover books to produce personalized digital work, if applicable?

        Other buyer considerations involve domestic OEM electrical parts availability. Does the buyer have a local or in-house machine shop that can economically make basic parts? What percentage of electrical parts is obsolete? Does the used machine have an electrical “black box” where only the seller’s local electrician, if still in business, can support or provide electrical service? Can a full-service bindery equipment dealer create a modern controller to eliminate the obsolete controls?

        Furthermore, buyers should always, 100 percent, confirm the age of a perfect binding line, saddlestitcher, cutter, folder or hardcover line end-to-end. Unfortunately, it is a somewhat common marketing practice for dealers and brokers in the graphic arts industry to promote the age of the youngest piece of a line, while omitting the age of the older pieces, such as trimmers, stackers, add-on feeders, etc.

        It also is important to understand how often the used machine being considered comes to market. This can save buyers the stress of weighing the risks of waiting for the next machine to come to market or giving in to an unknown seller’s pressure tactics and wiring a down payment before the machine can be properly evaluated.

        Be sure the machinery has been inspected

        In this age of camera phones and broadband, dealers and brokers will promote a “cream puff” piece of used equipment they have never personally inspected. A great slogan is: “You cannot expect what you do not inspect.” This is especially true when it comes to purchasing used machines. Buy the plane ticket and have a qualified person who is not affiliated with the seller or dealer evaluate the equipment. For buyers who do not regularly purchase used equipment, do the homework of validating the seller and transaction terms.

        Often, investors will impulsively lock on to a hot deal or get caught up in the “auction adrenaline rush” and ignore basic investing steps. Old, time-tested rules like “if it is too good to be true, it probably is,” still hold true today.

        Buyers should seek out dealers who deduct the inspection cost if they are provided a first/last right of refusal for the relocation. That way, as long as they provide full turnkey relocation services, including transportation, there is no finger-pointing with damages or other headaches, just one phone call to make.

        Beware of unscrupulous dealers

        Buyers should always inspect used machines. Evaluations performed by qualified inspectors will ensure fewer headaches in the end.

        If a dealer or seller threatens for a down payment today or tomorrow or else the buyer is out: game on. Buyers should reduce their offers if the seller comes back around with “the other buyer fell through,” even if only by $1,000. Buyers owe this to all the straight shooters out there that these unscrupulous dealers and brokers prey on every day for cash.

        Be cautious of online auctions; they are not all created equally. Unsellable, obsolete surplus equipment often is rounded up from multiple sources to look like a brand-new auction or company closure. Some auction dealers hide in the fine print that an auction is not an “absolute auction,” meaning they are just collecting potential buyers as leads for their buyer database. The shady auction dealer then gets busy offering unsuspecting buyers other equipment and negotiating them to a much higher price for what they originally bid on. They also might partner with other dealers who have what the buyer wanted, so that buyer then ends up paying two or three commissions instead of one.

        Seek dealers who allow for purchases directly from sellers or end users if they do not already own the equipment. That way there is no middle man for title or lien transfer problems. Buyers also should request a sentence or two on the seller’s letterhead, invoice or sales contract indicating the seller fully owns and has the legal right to sell said equipment free of any liens, encumbrances or partner agreements. This simple verbiage significantly accelerates legal proceedings should problems arise.

        Financing considerations

        For buyers who are 100-percent financing new equipment, it is mathematically impossible to avoid being upside down on a loan or lease. However, careful investing in used equipment can help keep the balance sheets in the black. It is possible to purchase the right machine at the right price and still have it be worth something close to what was paid or more. This will further optimize the investment. Banks, leasing companies and equity partners will never agree with, “We don’t care about the resale value, because we’re not selling the machine.”

        It can be difficult to assess the actual value of an 18-month-old “like new” piece of used equipment. When the auction excitement kicks in, there seems to be no time to develop a capex (capital expenditure), which in most cases, properly executed, protects buyers from purchasing mistakes. For example, the “like new” piece of used machinery: Brand new, the same machine’s purchase price would be $100,000 after whatever “best show customer” discounts are factored in. In an auction setting, the 18-month-old like new machine bids get up to $75,000. The buyer has lost money at this point. First, the buyer also must pay the auction premium of 15 to 18 percent ($13,500). Then, there is the unbudgeted removal plan where the buyers will probably have to use the auction company rigger. Keep in mind, the rigger is not responsible if the line ever runs again and there was no time to get a turnkey quote from a specialized bindery equipment professional. Everything must be out in a few days, and the auction rigger with the big forklift is not responsible for damage during transportation the buyer must arrange. The machine can arrive incomplete or missing original factory manuals or special machine tools, parts, etc. because the auction rigger did not know what to look for before transportation.

        The buyer now has a machine that typically included some level of installation, training and warranty if purchased new, but these costs must be added on top of the auction premium for relocation. If the installers find parts broken or that need to be replaced, the 18-month-old machine is no longer under warranty or the warranty is void due to the rigger who did not know or care about OEM moving procedures. All of this adds up to money lost for the buyer.

        When it comes to preparing a plant for machine utilities (electrical power, high pressure air, trim waste systems, relocating other existing equipment, pouring concrete pads, etc.), these costs can exceed the initial equipment investment, especially if rushed and the “OT floodgates” are opened. For those considering a used machine currently under power, try to negotiate for transformers or entire electrical panels off the seller’s wall if they are surplus for the seller and match the buyer’s needs. If a perfect binder or saddlestitcher has web press log feeders, maybe there is an overhead gantry crane system that would no longer be needed by the seller and could easily be negotiated into the purchase package?

        Typically, surplus budget funds saved investing in pre-owned equipment vs. new equipment go toward additional equipment purchased; however, depending on the skill level of existing or new machine operators, strategic longer-term training programs can be tailored to ultimately achieve the highest production goals, including difficult-to-run gimmick products. During initial machine training immediately following equipment installation, it is impossible for operators to foresee the problems, including computer errors where applicable, that they will have after the initial training session ends.

        Conclusion

        The best advice I can give when investing in pre-owned equipment is that the investment does not have to be a complete leap of faith. Reputable, full-service bindery equipment companies exist, offering consultation, CAD layouts, full-time technicians, rigging crews, semi-truck transportation, rebuild centers with complete machine shops, experienced trainers and warranties for the work and services they perform. The more services purchased as a package from a single source provider, the less finger-pointing and responsibility loop-holes buyers will get caught up in when startup issues inevitably arise. If the idea of doing homework on used equipment is not necessary in the buyer’s mind, the buyer should buy new equipment as long as the cost is justified. The number of used sellers who do not care about the buyer’s long-term success on a piece of used bindery equipment far outnumbers the ones who do!

        Brad Emerson is the general manager of fixyourownbindery.com, a company specializing in consultation, turnkey used equipment, automation, equipment fabrication and training. Emerson’s bindery background includes bindery supervision, as well as marketing and consultation with a global bindery equipment leader. For more information, comments, questions or criticism, email brad@fixyourownbindery.com.

        Lean Manufacturing and Continuous Improvement: What, Who and Why?

        December 9, 2016

        by Dianna Brodine, managing editor, PostPress
        Ford’s early assembly line system of production was one of the examples of lean manufacturing.

        Henry Ford may have been the first in US manufacturing to implement lean production when he simplified processes on the assembly line by creating an assembly line in 1913. Driven by a desire to make the automobile affordable for everyone, the workers laboring on the Ford Model T were divided by tasks into separate locations in an effort to reduce unnecessary movement. Rather than hauling parts and tools to an area where the vehicle would be built, Ford implemented a system of pulleys to move the car from one work station to another.

        Ford realized stunning time savings with this production change. Cost savings followed as labor was utilized more efficiently, and Ford soon was selling more cars than ever before.

        The principles of the assembly line – elimination of waste, specialization of tasks and increased production – evolved into the modern day “lean manufacturing.”

        What?

        Ford’s production model worked well when the exact same product was produced each time, but when variety was needed the system fell into chaos. Lean manufacturing evolved from the assembly line to address product complexity. At its most simple level, lean is about finding waste in a production environment and removing it. The Japanese word “Kaizen” also is commonly heard in discussions about lean – meaning “change for better” or continuous improvement. Taken together, the lean manufacturing process encourages those in a production environment to find waste and work to improve or eliminate it.

        Waste can take a variety of forms, including wasted steps in a production process, wasted labor hours or wasted movement of materials. Poor quality and excess inventory also are forms of waste. In view of managing that waste, the process has been distilled to five steps, namely the following:

        1. Specify the value. Find what creates value in the product/process from the customer’s viewpoint.
        2. Map the process. List each step in the process of creation.
        3. Flow the product. Simplify the steps so the product flows through production.
        4. Pull the product. Produce only what is required when the customer needs it, also known as just-in-time production.
        5. Work toward perfection. Continually evaluate the process to find other examples of waste that can be removed.

        Who?

        Toyota may be the most widely known implementer of lean manufacturing, having modified the reduction of waste mantra into the Toyota Production System (TPS) that has been adopted across the world. However, manufacturing facilities across a wide range of industries and serving a range of end markets have added lean manufacturing concepts.

        From the big names – Caterpillar, John Deere and Nike – to the small, lean manufacturing can positively impact any company involved in a physical product creation process. Developing a culture of continuous improvement, however, involves more than a management-level understanding of lean principles.

        Kelly Goodsel is the owner and CEO of Viking Plastics, a Corry, Pennsylvania injection molding company serving the automotive and HVAC industries. “As an automotive supplier, I’ve been involved in the Toyota Production System, which emphasizes lean production, for about 15 years,” said Goodsel. “However, I’ve realized the tools employed with the Toyota Production System are only part of the toolbox. Without also building a team that searches for continuous improvement opportunities, it’s like teaching somebody how to use a hammer or a saw without then teaching them how to build a house.”

        Goodsel heard Paul Akers, a lean expert and author of 2-Second Lean, speak at a conference in 2012. Revolving around recognizing and eliminating eight forms of waste, 2-Second Lean gives employees the tools to recognize opportunities for improvement and implement solutions immediately. However, empowerment can’t occur without education, and Goodsel understood what was missing from his company.

        He took the information shared by Akers to his team and started asking his employees to make improvements to the things in their areas that were causing daily frustrations. “We started with teaching the eight forms of waste to our employees, because knowing and seeing the forms of waste is the first of three pillars in our 2-Second Lean process,” he explained. “The second pillar asks employees to fix what bugs them, and the third asks them to share what they fixed.”

        Viking began holding what it refers to as “daily drumbeat meetings” during each shift change. At each meeting, the oncoming shift meets with the outgoing shift to discuss how things are running and any troubles the previous shift might have come across. Additionally, data is reviewed on the prior day’s sales volume, on-time delivery statistics, customer complaints and safety points/regulations.

        In keeping with its culture of continuous improvements, Viking employees seek to accomplish three things every day: identify waste, fix/improve the waste and share those improvements. Daily drumbeats offer the perfect opportunity for employees to explore and share ideas for improvement. “Just as machines require maintenance, setup, inspections and upgrades, so do people,” explained Goodsel. “Spending 20 minutes communicating between shifts provides employees with the information needed to better prepare them for the workday ahead.”

        The results have been so stunning that Goodsel has become a bit of a spokesman for 2-Second Lean. In 2016, Goodsel and Engineering Manager Shawn Gross spoke at the Printing Industries of America (PIA) Continuous Improvement Conference to evangelize to a new group of converts.

        “The level of interaction, employee engagement and relationships that are built in a 15- to 20-minute daily meeting is incredible,” noted Goodsel. “It breaks down barriers between employees and management, between departments, even between shifts – and that makes people more comfortable doing their job on a daily basis.”

        Why?

        In addition to the cultural changes resulting from implementing a continuous improvement mindset, removing waste from the manufacturing process saves time, money and resources. One of the key benefits is an improvement in quality. When processes are standardized and unnecessary steps eliminated from a production environment, the product created typically has fewer errors – reducing defects and rework. Improvements also can be found in employee satisfaction as those repetitive tasks that cause job frustration are eliminated.

        Less space often is required as unnecessary steps – and sometimes equipment – are eliminated on the production floor and just-in-time production reduces the amount of excess inventory on-site. This can allow for expansion of services or future growth – or facility reduction, if that step makes more financial sense. Most importantly, the implementation of lean manufacturing and its related continuous improvement efforts often lead to increased profit levels and higher customer satisfaction, which can lead to additional business.

        Adding lean manufacturing and continuous improvement concepts to any production environment isn’t an instant cure-all, and the process itself can be messy and frustrating. It requires a culture shift and a team effort that starts at the top, but the rewards can be great.

        “Management needs to approach it from a position of respect for the individual, respect for the people. Part of the challenge occurs when people ask ‘why’ – and we don’t always have an easy answer,” Goodsel acknowledged. “It’s important to let people know that this is a journey. We don’t have an exact map, and we’re going to make some wrong turns. When we do make those wrong turns, everyone has to contribute to getting us all going in the right direction.”

        Viking Plastics is on a steep upward trajectory marked by record profits, and culture has played an important role. “Clearly, the 2-Second Lean culture has led to significant change for our company,” said Goodsel, “and it’s driven improvements that have meant the world to our employees, our management team and our customers.”

        Spoilage Incentive: Raising the Bar on Lowering Spoilage Rates

        December 9, 2016

        by Jeff Peterson, editor-in-chief, PostPress

        This section of PostPress examines common challenges readers may have on the shop floor and in day-to-day business operations. Professionals from leading print finishing and bindery companies share ideas and discuss solutions to those common challenges, demonstrating how specific companies work through these issues to improve throughput and the bottom line.

        Spoilage Reduction Incentive Program

        Anyone who has been involved with any type of lean manufacturing program (see article in this issue on page 60) probably knows the eight sources of waste. One of those eight sources is defects, more commonly referred to as spoilage.

        For companies like Trade Print Finishing, Salt Lake City, Utah, spoilage had become a large problem. Owner and President Brad Van Leeuwen began to notice an increase in spoilage and re-runs for many of the jobs running through his print finishing plant. As a result, Van Leeuwen began looking for ways to combat increasing spoilage that also would encourage all employees to get involved. He started by looking at areas that were accumulating the most defects, including the following areas:

        1. Products coming unglued on the folder-gluer
        2. Registration/positioning issues
        3. Missing or “plugged” areas of foil or coating
        4. Creasing matrix falling out during diecutting
        5. UV coating adhesion problems
        6. Wrong die/foil used
        7. Setup sheets mixed with good sheets

        To help reduce costly errors and decrease the overall spoilage rate, Van Leeuwen decided to implement a Spoilage Reduction Bonus Program. “I was seeing a continued increase in mistakes and spoilage on a variety of the jobs running through the plant and decided it was time to try something different,” stated Van Leeuwen. “Even a small reduction in defects could make a large impact on our bottom line.”

        Trade Print Finishing started by creating a bulletin board that included educational information on such things as “what spoilage really is” and ” causes of spoilage.” The bulletin board also was used to explain how the Spoilage Reduction Bonus Program worked and included monthly reporting of how overall spoilage was increasing or decreasing each month using actual numbers and graphs.

        Van Leeuwen calculated that, historically, the company’s spoilage rate had averaged about two percent of gross sales per year. So, he set up the program to pay out bonuses on the money saved due to reduced spoilage to those responsible for reducing it. “We track spoilage on a monthly basis and provide small, on-going monthly incentives when spoilage is less than two percent of sales,” stated Van Leeuwen. “At the end of the year, if the annual spoilage is under two percent of sales, then the difference is paid out as year-end bonuses.”

        Van Leewen went on to say that regular short-term rewards are critical in making the program work. “To celebrate a low-spoilage month, we provide incentives, such as a free lunch for the employees where we raffle off some type of gift certificate,” he explained.

        For Trade Print Finishing, the Spoilage Reduction Incentive Program has proven to have many benefits. This includes forcing the action of measuring performance, creating awareness of what spoilage costs, as well as the seriousness of reducing it, and showing employees that management is willing to reward them for improved performance. “The program has really helped encourage our employees to learn from their mistakes,” stated Van Leeuwen. “It has created a type of ‘peer-review’ that has helped weed out incompetency.”

        However, this type of program does create unique challenges. First, even one or two bad months can blow a year-end bonus, so if this happens early in the year, a “why even try” attitude can set in. Companies also must be conscious of animosity among employees or departments, especially if they perceive that others are reducing their bonus money. Additionally, it is important to monitor the program and be careful of unreported spoilage. This can be difficult because some of the reporting is “on your honor.”

        It also should be pointed out that recording all the data and keeping it up-to-date takes dedicated time by someone within the company. According to Van Leeuwen, if finishers or binders are considering implementing a spoilage reduction incentive program of some type, they must be sure that it is being accurately recorded and kept current at all times. “If there is not a dedicated person or persons assigned to keep the data legitimate and current, employees will simply not buy in or stay motivated,” he asserted. “That is a huge key to the success of the program.”

        Since starting the program in 2014, Trade Print Finishing has seen it continue to be successful. “The first year was kind of a ‘fine-tuning’ process with some trial-and-error experimentation,” concluded Van Leeuwen. “In 2015, we became more defined and consistent, and the program has now reduced our spoilage rates by about 50 percent and put more money in our employees’ pockets.” The program has proven to be a win-win for both the company and the employees.

        Preparing for the Future in a Changing Commercial Printing Marketplace

        September 6, 2016

        by Melissa Larson, contributing writer, PostPress
        SunDance has expanded from printing to finishing and binding operations and, in fact, just announced the purchase of new grommet setting machines for album-style books. Mackenzie Singleton, creative and marketing department, SunDance Marketing Solutions.

        Sometimes it is difficult to lift your head up from the day-to-day operations in your plant and try to take a look at the big picture. Sure, there are plenty of orders right now, but what about in six months? Is it better to invest in new equipment or hire an extra operator? And, do you have the right mix of expertise to go after new business? If only you could see three years into the future. Sound advice might be “Be ready for anything,” but that’s easier said than done. Below are some “Best Practice” tips from industry experts to help printers and finishers navigate the uncertainties of the new print landscape.

        PIA outlook

        Printing Industries of America (PIA) issued a flash report this spring titled “Economic and Print Market Scan and Forecast: Pre-Election Update and Outlook.” Its introduction includes this statement:

        “At the present time, we seem caught in a vortex of events that could have major impacts on the economy and print markets going forward. Of course, the big elephant in the room is the upcoming presidential and congressional elections. Beyond these there are the uncertainties and risks to the global economy from Brexit, the aging of the current recovery and other potential headwinds. In total, the current economic environment is as risky and uncertain as it has been in years, making this a very challenging time for prognostications and forecasts.”

        The report’s authors added that it will be interesting to compare results after the outcome of the election is known – removing a big uncertainty.

        So, what’s the good news? According to the flash report from PIA, printing shipments tend to expand when the economy is in a “mature recovery phase,” and this has been true of the economy the last couple of years. “Print has been doing very well lately. Indeed, North American print markets have enjoyed robust growth and printers’ pricing and profits have strengthened,” the report stated.

        According to the US Department of Commerce Census of Manufacturing data, printing shipments were up 1.6 percent through the first four months of 2016. In comparison, all US manufacturing shipment declined over the same period by 2.8 percent, so print exceeded all manufacturing by more than four percentage points.

        Other nuggets gleaned from the report include the following:

        • The US economy is in the seventh year of recovery from the Great Recession of 2007-2009. Although the recovery has been sluggish with fairly tepid growth, it has been a sure and steady climb without interruption.
        • Print typically takes a while to get back on track after the economy recovers from a recession, but once print recovers, it does best in the mature recovery phase of the economy.
        • Most of the severe displacement of print by digital media is now behind us.
        • Labels, wrappers and packaging print segments serve as an anchor on print sales, tracking very closely with the overall economy.
        • Print marketing and promotion, particularly direct mail, have demonstrated their effectiveness as premium marketing and promotional media.
        • Even informational and editorial print (books, newspapers and magazines) has been doing relatively well lately.

        Best practices

        The industry groups and trade associations that are charged with tracking printing trends also pick up on the highly effective habits of successful printing and finishing companies.

        Richard Romano, senior analyst at WhatTheyThink, and Joe Webb, director of WhatTheyThink.com’s Economics and Research Center, are prominent prognosticators. Dr. Ronnie H. Davis is senior vice president and chief economist at Printing Industries of America (PIA). Through their industry presentations and online white papers, each of these industry gurus have dropped pearls of wisdom along the way, which have been compiled into a list of Best Practices for printers in these uncertain times. Printers and finishers who excel at these practices also have offered input.

        Communicate with your customers. Printers and finishers need to promote much greater interaction with their customers than they traditionally have. Instead of just picking up the phone every few months, consider an in-person visit to a few of your customers. Better communication will help you keep a close eye on what products are falling in and out of favor and what types of services are becoming game-changers. For instance, what are your customers buying somewhere else that you could provide instead?

        Beware the stealth e-technologies. If you are not technology-savvy, hire someone who is. Become aware of the more subtle technologies that are weaning consumers off print. Just think about the electronic technologies you’ve used in the last few days – electronic boarding passes, emailed ATM receipts, online statements, PDF-based forms and more. According to Romano, even restaurant menus are in danger of going electronic, from the dynamic digital signage used in new fast-food franchises to an emerging trend of using iPads even in sit-down restaurants. Smartphone-based transactions via Apple Pay also may further erode the reliance on print. All of this is why periodic business analysis must take into account which types of business are likely to decline over time and how to replace them with longterm winners.

        Know your current strengths. What are your strongest operations? Larry Worfolk, operations manager at Pacific Bindery Services Ltd. in Western Canada (Vancouver), keeps close track of which lines of business are doing the best. The provider of finishing and binding services has a niche in lifestyle magazines – markets such as food, brewing, photography, weaving, fashion, 100-mile diet books, etc. “Currently the ‘decorating’ segment of our business (foil, embossing and diecutting) is showing the most promise,” Worfolk said.

        “We are seeing a greater trend towards slick UV coatings, strikethrough printing effects and reticulated coatings. We also are starting to see some specialty hi-build UV coatings. On our perfect binding lines, we are seeing a trend to heavier weight cover stocks than in the past,” he added.

        PIA research partner the Management Department at Jennings A. Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University, provides updated information on PIA member printers’ current printing processes. Based on its latest study, there are 13 print product categories offered by more than half of today’s printers. The most common products are brochures, direct mail, pamphlets and business cards, offered by more than 70 percent of printers. Mackenzie Singleton, creative and marketing department, SunDance Marketing Solutions.

        Step outside your comfort zone. Consider offering complementary and supplementary nonprint products and services, like email marketing, social media marketing, mobile app development, database management, etc. There has been a great push in the last 10 years for printers to brand themselves as “marketing services providers,” without knowing what that really means. Below is an example of a company that does know.

        JohnHenry Ruggieri is managing partner of SunDance Marketing Solutions, a multi-channel printer and marketer in Orlando, Florida. SunDance has expanded from printing to finishing and binding operations and, in fact, just announced the purchase of new grommet setting machines for album-style books.

        “We are always looking to bring in additional services when it makes sense; we are unique in the fact that we produce 98 percent of our projects within our facility – so we are already providing the finishing/binding work in-house,” he said. “Meeting or exceeding client demands is at the top of our priority list, and for us to accomplish this, it makes sense for us to control the project timelines and provide these services in-house.”

        Ruggieri says his firm has noted a marked decrease in monthly/quarterly magazines and periodicals and an uptick on signage (wide-format), personalization, mailing and storefronts for enterprise solutions. SunDance provides a cloud-based “Web to Print” storefront/portal where customers can order print and marketing collateral materials from secure electronic storage.

        The portal is designed as a customized online marketing resource center where authorized users can order business cards, letterhead, brochures, forms, magazines, manuals, apparel and promotional items.

        Other services provided by SunDance include everything from mailing and fulfillment to fine art publishing and large-format printing.

        Bring your website up-to-date. Here’s what Romano has to say about using your website to demonstrate your operation’s capabilities: “Does your website say ‘copyright 2008’? Are notable projects, awards or achievements up-to-date? Does the site offer compelling and interesting content, like blog posts that offer advice on a range of subjects, such as proper formatting of files, marketing tips and so forth? Do you use social media best practices to connect with present and prospective customers? Staying abreast of new technologies and demonstrably using them for one’s own business is the way to build technical credibility.”

        When asked where he thinks future SunDance business will come from, Ruggieri responded, “While we continue to focus on niche markets and providing end-to-end solutions with our sales team, the other source of new business is coming in from the web. Having a strong presence online and a solid SEO strategy, we believe, will be a big game changer moving forward into the future.”

        SunDance has noticed a decrease in monthly/quarterly magazines and periodicals and an uptick on signage (wide-format), personalization, mailing and storefronts for enterprise solutions. Mackenzie Singleton, creative and marketing department, SunDance Marketing Solutions.

        Be aware of growth and changes in short-run digital printing. According to Romano, “This is a completely new market that emerged solely due to digital printing and the ability to make a 100-percent personalized, full-color printed hardcover book, produced in a run length as low as a single copy.” Epitomized by the photo book market, toner- and inkjet-based printing technologies present new opportunities for commercial printers. Printers even have found opportunities in short-run, customized publications, like books, newspapers and magazines. All of this is driven by not only print engines but also front ends and software that can process the data needed to make true personalization possible.

        The drive toward customization also is influencing the labels and package printing markets. Consumers no longer want to be seen as mass consumers but as individuals with their own specific needs and preferences, and brand owners and retailers are responding to that trend.

        Open your mind to collaboration. You’re used to viewing your vendors, manufacturers and suppliers as useful sources of knowledge. Why not view them as partners? You don’t have to add all the equipment and expertise to enter new markets – you just need to forge partnerships with companies that have that capability. Ask yourself if you can benefit from their insights and broaden the horizons of your business. Both commercial printers and print finishers can work together to satisfy the end customer’s needs, from the printed page to foil, coatings and bindery.

        “Customers are looking to their printers to provide them with a ‘Wow’ factor, whether it is during printing or a postpress finishing technique. Customers will continue to look for techniques that will help them to stand out from their competition,” said Worfolk. “This could be foil effects, embossing, duplexing or special diecuts.”

        “Our clients are looking for a partner, someone who is easy to work with and can provide innovative solutions with quality, timeliness and price all being considerations,” concluded Ruggieri.

        Whether it’s providing the “Wow” factor or steady day-to-day partnership, success in the new reality of the print business will depend on best practices and innovation.

        Melissa Larson has been writing about printing, converting and packaging for 30 years.

        Is Your Company the Next Blockbuster?

        September 6, 2016

        by Steve Blue, president and CEO, Miller Ingenuity

        In the article title, I’m not referring to a blockbuster hit – instead, I’m referencing Blockbuster, the company that owned the video rental market until it was upended by an innovative competitor, Netflix.

        One thing is for certain: If a company isn’t innovating, all of its products or services eventually become commodities… or the company is toppled by the next Netflix.

        When that happens, no margin is left to spend on research and development, new product initiatives or anything else that could provide a competitive advantage. Then, customers will start playing a company against the competition, and it’s just a race to the bottom for further price concessions.

        By that point, the company is left with reducing costs, overhead or profit – and now is in a death spiral toward that going-out-of-business curve.

        So how, exactly, does a company spark new innovation? What’s more, how can it be done at an already established business?

        1. Make innovation part of everyone’s job description.

        The first line item on every job description should state that a primary duty is to introduce innovative ideas into the company. This goes for job descriptions of all employees – not just a select few. From the plant floor to the executive door, mandate that the entire organization offer ideas to improve products and services.

        Innovation must be one of the company’s core values, so much so that it is tied to performance appraisals. Determine a means to best measure innovation in the company, and incentivize innovative thought by making it part of the performance review process. By doing so, not only do employees who innovate receive kudos and raises, but the company also can say goodbye to the ones that don’t. Pretty harsh, isn’t it? However, so is what happened to Blockbuster – and Polaroid – and Woolworths – and the dozens of other industry icons that bit the dust.

        2. Invest in innovation.

        Contrary to popular belief, everyone is creative. The key is to understand how to unlock that creativity. Train every single employee in the principles of brainstorming and innovation by holding “innovation fairs,” similar to a science fair. Take employees on field trips to highly innovative companies outside of the industry in which the company operates.

        3. Provide the time to innovate.

        It isn’t always enough to set the expectation to innovate. A company also must provide the time – or at least the parameters – for innovation. To really push the innovation envelope, employees should be encouraged to spend 20 percent of their time innovating and brainstorming new ideas. But, it would be unfair to still expect the team to accomplish the same amount of work in the remaining 80 percent, and in the end, would never work. Bite the bullet and hire more people to cover that 20 percent. Set the expectation that “thinking about things” is just as important as “building things.”

        4. Provide the space to innovate.

        Asking employees to innovate and brainstorm without providing a space to do it in can squelch creativity. Once the practice of innovation is established, devote a location within the organization where employees can meet regularly and without interruption.

        This can be as simple as an empty cube dedicated for innovative practices or as involved as an offsite location where the round-the-clock focus is on innovation. Above all else, make it abundantly clear that these spaces aren’t just for white collar employees, but for all employees. Allotting spaces serves two purposes: it provides an assigned area in which to innovate and it shows employees how serious the company is about the process. Keep in mind there is no magic in this space. The magic is in unlocking the creative genius in every employee. The innovation space only facilitates this. Before the space is built, be sure the above steps have been taken to create the culture and provide people the tools and training to innovate.

        5. Celebrate, recognize and reward innovation.

        Find ways to celebrate and recognize innovation: It has a way of changing workplace culture for the better and reinforcing positive behaviors. Potential rewards include significant cash awards for innovation, professional photos taken of the team marking the achievement or even taking out a half-page ad in the local newspaper detailing the innovation.

        Be creative in how people are recognized. Send innovative employees on hot air balloon rides. Hire a team of skydivers to land in the company parking lot. Hire an airplane skywriter. All of these crazy ideas further the process of getting a team to be more innovative.

        6. Fight fear and resistance.

        Regardless of how long a company has been around, it’s imperative to keep the creative wheels turning and staying ahead of the innovation curve. The logistics may seem daunting, yet the biggest risk isn’t a technical one – it’s organizational. People fear what they don’t understand, and employees will kill a project they’re afraid of if they aren’t operating in an atmosphere of innovation.

        Innovation is no longer an option – it’s a necessity. As a business moves toward more innovative thought, be prepared for pushback. Also, be ready to restructure the organization and even cut people loose, if necessary. Surround new developments with people who believe in innovation. Otherwise, the company will be left with those who’ll do little more than look for flaws.

        Steve Blue is president and CEO of Miller Ingenuity and author of the forthcoming book American Manufacturing 2.0: What Went Wrong and How to Make It Right. As a nationally recognized business transformation expert and speaker, Blue has been featured in Forbes, Entrepreneur and The Wall Street Journal. He is founder and contributor to American City Business Journal’s “League of Extraordinary CEOs” series. To learn more about Blue, please visit www.MillerIngenuity.com.

        Stress: The Catalyst for Workplace Change

        March 11, 2016

        by Valerie J. Price, director of business operations, Coyne Graphic Finishing
        Courtesy of The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

        Chronic stress can occur for a number of reasons; however, stress in the workplace is one of the most common forms recognized. Chronic stress is exemplified by fear, uncertainty and insecurity and can result in such harmful effects as heart disease, high blood pressure, digestive disorders and depression, just to name a few. When employers make unreasonable demands on their employees, it often can lead to increased stress levels and job failure.

        The issue

        Employee morale is adversely affected when employers’ demands exceed the abilities of employees. In today’s work environment, more is expected of all employees with fewer workers available to complete tasks. Twenty years ago, employees worked their eight hours and went home. Today, employees are equipped with cell phones, tablets and laptop computers, creating a virtual tether to the workplace from anywhere. Employers expect their employees to be accessible anytime of the day, even when on vacation or just a day off. Employees need time to turn “off” from the 9 to 5 stress of their jobs. By setting boundaries of when they will be available after work hours to take phone calls or do “homework,” they will diminish the stress related to always being on call2.

        Employee efficiency diminishes when stress is ignored by both the employee and employer and can lead to lower production, more workplace injuries and greater job turnover. Employers spend an estimated $300 billion as a result of workplace accidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, lost productivity, medical and legal expenses, insurance costs and workers’ compensation awards1.

        The change

        Actions to reduce workplace stress begin with organizational change, starting with a conscientious effort to improve the working conditions for all employees1. While change is rarely easy, it can be a positive experience that boosts company morale and increases productivity. Start by creating realistic job descriptions and expectations to be updated yearly. Employees often feel they have too much responsibility and too little autonomy. Spell it out for them: what they can do and how far their authority goes. For instance, if an employee notices a mistake in production on a press, can they shut the line down themselves or do they need to bring it to someone else’s (such as a manager’s) attention?

        An employee who is engaged in the process is not just showing up for a paycheck every week. The employee cares about the company and takes pride in the work he produces. Which employee do you want working for you, the one who takes ownership or the one who is just there for a paycheck? Your employees are your single most expensive cost to run your company. Including your employees in the decision-making process and getting their buy-in makes changes possible.

        Make sure that the changes start with the CEO and trickle down. If not, it is just another binder to put on the shelf to say, “Yes, we have that.” The following is a list from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on what should be included in the change process:

        Ensure that the workload is in line with the workers’ capabilities and resources.

        • Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation and opportunities for workers to use their skills.
        • Clearly define workers’ roles and responsibilities.
        • Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting their jobs.
        • Improve communications – reduce uncertainty about career development and future employment prospects.
        • Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.
        • Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and responsibilities outside the workplace.

        In all cases, this change comes in three forms:

        • Identify the problems
        • Develop the intervention
        • Evaluate the results

        This is not a one size fits all solution. The size of the organization, as well as the local resources, plays an important role in the change process. Start with a committee of workers and managers to identify the problems. Conduct an employee survey (anonymous) to measure employee perceptions of job conditions, stress, health and job satisfaction1. Employers typically find these answers are rarely what management had anticipated. Analyze the data to identify problem locations and stressful job conditions. In a general discussion with employees, list the items identified and ask them for solutions. How would they fix what is wrong? Employees usually know the answer and come up with the best ideas. Follow through on an action list of items that need changed.

        Depending on the problems identified in the previous step, outside resources may be needed for the design and implementation. For example, if the issue is a bully or supervisor harassing the employees, then a companywide intervention may be necessary. All employees need to be made aware of any changes that will be initiated with a group “kick-off” meeting. Make sure the solution is measurable, and follow-up with employees regularly to ensure compliance with new policies. Have a true open door policy for your employees, one that does not include fear of reprisal for voicing concerns. Make sure supervisors know that an employee is allowed to come to you to voice those concerns. If no one is coming to ‘vent,’ there may be a bigger issue. In many cases, it is due to a supervisor who wants to control what is being said and to whom.

        Other important factors to consider are outside Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), which give employees an avenue to cope with chronic stress. The agency also will provide a resource for work-life balance for employees. Most employees want to do well in the workplace; some just do not have the necessary tools to succeed. These are the employees that need EAPs to give them coping strategies necessary to become an excellent employee who thrives in the new work environment.

        Resources

        1. www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-101/pdfs/99-101.pdf
        2. www.apa.org/helpcenter/workplace-stress.aspx
        3. www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-kinds.aspx

        Adding Value at SunDance Marketing Solutions

        December 14, 2015

        by Jen Clark, PostPress
        The SunDance Fulfillment Department packages marketing kits for a vacation ownership client. Pictured from left are Bryan Blakley, Albert Mawad, Karen Lafler (on ladder), Katrena Bruce and Aura Leyrer.

        It’s no secret the market conditions for the printing industry have changed dramatically in the last several years. Companies reacting to the changing dynamics, as well as competition from other media and service providers, have adapted by adding services that benefit their customers. Finding ways to add value to the services companies already offer not only benefits the customer, but also can mean increased revenue for the print finishing provider.

        SunDance Marketing Solutions, an Orlando, Florida-based marketing services provider, commercial printer and producer of fine art lithographs, offers fulfillment and kitting services that increase innovation and efficiency to streamline its clients’ marketing efforts. Founded in 2007, SunDance has maintained a 24-percent compound annual growth rate and recently moved into a 43,500-square-foot facility – more than triple the size of its first factory.

        “We’ve found that the more value-added services we offer, the longer clients stay with us,” said Brad Taylor, sales manager and partner at SunDance. “When we deliver on the value-added services, it builds trust with our client base and leads to more business from them with existing product lines, as well as new product lines. Clients seem to prefer dealing with fewer vendors, so the more we can offer them, the more business we bring in and retain. One of the biggest reasons we offer value-added services is we’ve also found the more we do in-house, the greater control we have on quality, turnaround and overall job efficiency throughout the plant.”

        SunDance prides itself on always saying “Yes” to its clients, so value-added services aren’t exactly new to the multi-channel print- and marketing-solutions company. “We’ve always provided value-added services, just not to the scale we currently do,” Taylor said. “If they ask us if we can do something, as long as it’s within our wheelhouse, or even just reasonably close, we figure out how to get it done. Over the years, this has led us to develop a wide range of services that we can deliver to clients in a win-win manner. Our client gets the service they need at the price they want and we gain the immediate revenue, as well as greater control of the end product in terms of quality and turnaround – not to mention the further diversification of our offerings.”

        He said value-added services really took off when SunDance purchased all of the equipment of a finishing company that was closing its doors. “Our customers asking for more has led to us perfecting many different services, including foil stamping, embossing, custom diecutting, laminating, punching, perfect binding, stitching, map folding and coil binding,” Taylor said.

        In addition, the company offers fulfillment services that are “pretty popular,” he noted. SunDance provides mailing services, kitting, packaging and shipping, staging, inventory control and even web-to-print or print-on-demand storefronts for some of its larger clients. “Many have locations around the world and rely on us to ensure that their materials and brand are consistent with their standards worldwide. It really depends on what the client needs for each individual product line, project or item,” Taylor explained.

        SunDance’s clients have realized the value in having the entire process – printing, finishing, kitting, fulfillment and shipping – handled with one vendor at one site, Taylor continued. This reduces cost, speeds up turnaround and reduces the potential for mistakes and delays. SunDance constantly is expanding its warehouse space to accommodate the growing desire for this convenience. “Many clients need us to store their marketing materials either short-term or long-term,” he said. “Sometimes we offer warehousing as an add-on when a client needs to free up extra space in their location(s), but most frequently warehousing is part of the fulfillment process. We have the items that we’re fulfilling here in our warehouse and we pick-and-pack as needed for our clients.”

        Generally, inventory management makes the most sense for large clients, Taylor added. “Smaller clients typically manage inventory themselves as it’s manageable by anyone.” A typical inventory management project can involve SunDance either printing or producing the inventory. “Or the client sends us existing inventory,” he said. Once the inventory is documented and put into the inventory management system, the client can “access their inventory through a custom-built web-based storefront and order whatever they need to be picked and sent anywhere in the world,” Taylor explained.

        Utilizing value-added services can give printers and postpress providers an advantage over the competition. For SunDance, it has been a boon to the bottom line, Taylor said. “There have been several months over the past few years that were made profitable by value-added services,” he said. “Typically, there is very little hard cost in these services. They generally are achieved by labor and often it’s slack labor being used vs. having to hire additional employees to handle the increased workload. In some cases, this makes the value-added service skip the P&L and go to straight to the bottom line!”

        For those companies looking to get into or expand their value-added options, Taylor suggests having software that can track inventory, shipping and billing, along with competently trained personnel. “It’s also important to purchase equipment at a good price, maintain it well and cross train employees so slack labor can be utilized to allow for a streamlined manufacturing process,” he said. “Adding fulfillment and other value-added services can be a huge advantage.”

        Common Pricing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

        December 14, 2015

        by Amy Fulford, enlight

        CEOs often overlook the importance of pricing in generating attractive financial returns. Especially in recent years, companies have invested heavily in understanding and managing their costs. Of course, understanding and managing costs is important. However, many companies have hit – or, worse, crossed – the point of diminishing returns from cost cutting. Meanwhile, too few companies proactively manage pricing as a lever to improve profits.

        The power of pricing

        It only takes a quick look at the Profit Equation (Figure 1) to see that Price is the only variable that has a multiplier effect on profits. And, unlike Volume, Price can be impacted by management behavior. Another often overlooked aspect of the Profit Equation is that both aspects of Revenue – Price and Volume – are influenced by customer preferences and priorities. Yet, companies typically spend much more time understanding and cutting costs, rather than understanding customers and why they value certain products and services.

        Back in 2004, research about pricing revealed that it can be the most powerful variable that impacts operating profit. The researchers evaluated the impact of a one percent improvement in four variables on operating profit. They built an “average income statement” from a composite of companies in the Global 1,200 index. Their analysis revealed that pricing can have a powerful impact on operating profit1 (Figure 2). Even if the impact on a specific company is not as significant as this example, a small improvement in pricing is likely to unlock value because pricing rarely is used as a tool to improve financial performance. Meanwhile, many companies have already achieved the maximum benefit from cost cutting – and some have cut costs to the detriment of the business.

        Meanwhile, the researchers debunked a common myth espoused by CEOs: we’ll lower price and make it up in volume. The researchers looked at how much volume would have to increase to breakeven from a one percent reduction in price. They found that the “average” company needed to generate a 3.5 percent volume increase to breakeven from a one percent price reduction. Furthermore, the research revealed that the “maximum typical” volume increase resulting from a one percent price reduction is 1.7-1.8 percent – far short of the 3.5 percent increase needed to breakeven from the price reduction.2

        Three levels of pricing

        There are three different levels of pricing that companies should consider when evaluating their pricing opportunities:

        1. List Price is the published price that is visible to anyone. It represents the desired selling price.
        2. Invoice Price is the price that is negotiated with an individual customer. Often, the Invoice Price includes several negotiated discounts, and it may include upcharges for special services or accommodations, such as expedited freight or special packaging. Most often, the Invoice Price is less than the List Price.
        3. Pocket Price is the net amount a company collects for a given product. The Pocket Price is less than the Invoice Price because it accounts for the impacts of hidden discounts that companies allow after the sale. Extended accounts receivable terms and expedited freight that is not charged to the customer are examples of the hidden discounts.

        Eliminating pricing mistakes requires making sure the List Price is as high as possible, while effectively managing the negotiation to Invoice Price and minimizing (or even eliminating) the hidden discounts that reduce the Pocket Price.

        Three common pricing mistakes

        Given the importance of pricing, it’s helpful to understand the most common pricing mistakes that companies make. Based on research conducted by enlight, the three most common pricing mistakes include the following:

        1. Targeting the wrong customers by failing to understand the market dynamics that drive customers to purchase products. When targeting the wrong customers, companies do not understand who values their product the most or why they value it. The companies also don’t appreciate differences in what’s important to end users vs. influencers vs. channel partners. Companies make this mistake most often. In fact, 57 percent of the pricing mistakes found by enlight consist of targeting the wrong customers. Examples of this mistake include

        • considering distributors or channel partners to be customers,
        • emphasizing product attributes and benefits that are not important to customers and
        • trying to be all things to all people instead of targeting specific customer segments.

        When a company focuses on the wrong customers, its representatives often get feedback that the prices are too high because the customers don’t necessarily value what makes the products unique. However, if the company focuses on the customers that most value its products, those customers are often willing to pay higher prices because they understand the value they get in return.

        2. Pricing too low by setting pricing without consideration for target customers and what they value. enlight‘s research revealed that pricing too low accounts for 33 percent of pricing mistakes. Typically, companies make this mistake because of one the following practices:

        • cost-based or historically-based pricing methodologies
        • customer-driven pricing methodologies
        • volume-driven management

        When a company prices its products too low, it obviously erodes the company’s financial performance by leaving money on the table with every transaction. Two possible negative impacts are more subtle and can have lasting impacts:

        • Overinvestment: If the products are valued by customers and priced too low, the company creates a false sense of demand. Typically, when companies experience high demand, they invest in inventory and capacity (instead of simply raising price), which further erodes financial performance.
        • Quality Problems: Eventually, the situation will create quality problems for the company. Either demand will be so high that the company cannot maintain quality and meet the high demand or the company will be forced to cut costs to improve financial performance, which will impact quality.

        3. Pricing too high by also setting prices without consideration for target customers or what they value. enlight‘s research revealed that pricing too high only accounts for 10 percent of pricing mistakes, despite the fact that companies tend to worry that their products are overpriced. Typically, when a company prices its products too high, it must attract customers by heavily discounting prices.

        When companies price their products too high, they make attractive profits on every transaction. However, customers are keenly aware of the value they get for their money, and once they conclude products are overpriced, they stop buying. Customers will remember that they were taken advantage of and will be reluctant to trust the company again.

        Underlying causes and how to correct them

        Understanding the types of pricing mistakes is important, but it’s equally important to understand the underlying causes of the mistakes. In enlight’s experience, there are three causes of pricing mistakes.

        1. Setting the wrong initial price is a “one-time” decision that relates to a company’s pricing methodology and its target margins. Most typical pricing methodologies are flawed because they do not start by understanding the most important variables in setting price.

        • Which customers value their products the most? Why?
        • How much value do the products create for those customers?

        The following are typical pricing methodologies employed by companies and the pitfalls of using them:

        • Competitor-based pricing: based on actual or expected competitor pricing
          Note: This methodology often is wrongly called market pricing.

        It is a mistake to abdicate one of the most important (and potentially lucrative) decisions to a competitor.

        • Customer-based pricing: based on specific guidance from customers
          Note: This methodology also often is wrongly called market pricing.

        Customers are focused on paying the lowest possible price. Customers will volunteer unrealistically low price guidance, especially in advance of a negotiation.

        • Historical-based pricing: based on prior prices for similar products

        Historical-based pricing is relatively arbitrary and often only continues the pricing mistakes of the past.

        • Cost plus pricing: based on a markup over costs

        The mechanics of cost-plus pricing often are flawed in one or more of the following ways:

        • Using old cost standards
        • Not correctly assigning some costs to individual products
        • Ignoring some costs
        • Setting low margin targets

        Value pricing (often called market pricing) is the ideal methodology. Unfortunately, many companies view Value Pricing as too difficult and default to one of the other methodologies. Value Pricing requires that companies understand their collective customers well enough to set list prices based on the sum of the financial, functional and emotional value the customers enjoy when using the products.

        2. Not effectively managing day-to-day pricing decisions is a dynamic problem that relates to negotiations with individual customers. Day-to-day pricing decisions often are flawed for one or more of the following reasons:

        • inadequate value proposition
        • no pricing rules
        • no accountability
        • insufficient or flawed data
        • flawed incentives

        Companies must establish the appropriate processes and polices to effectively manage day-to-day pricing decisions.

        3. Allowing a disconnect between strategy and pricing is a common problem that goes unaddressed and leaves significant money on the table. Typically, strategy-pricing disconnects result when the company:

        • competes on price instead of focusing on the value they create for customers,
        • does not revamp operations to earn an attractive return at market prices or
        • sends mixed signals and confuses customers.

        Action steps

        There are three steps to correcting a strategy-pricing disconnect.

        1. Clearly define target customers and the value they get to determine the maximum possible price products can generate on a sustained basis. This step requires that companies understand and quantify the financial, functional and emotional value customers get from using the products and focus on the customers that value the products the most.
        2. Optimize the business model to ensure that the company can earn sufficient return at the prices that the products need to be offered. Companies must understand and optimize the factors that drive revenue and costs. Revenue drivers are the factors that cause a customer to purchase the product, influence whether the customer purchases one or 100 products at once and/or determine whether the customer is likely to be a repeat customer. Cost drivers are the costs that are necessary to successfully deliver the products that customers value.
        3. Align and reinforce the brand image to ensure the company sends consistent signals about who they are and why customers should buy from them. Communications, brochures and sales person interactions are examples of the signals companies send to customers. Of course, any marketing activity also constitutes signals. When the signals that a company sends are not aligned with its business strategy and with customer perception, it creates confusion that can erode price.

        In conclusion, pricing is an incredibly powerful lever that typically is underutilized by companies. The most common pricing mistakes are either targeting the wrong customers or simply pricing too low. To correct these mistakes, take the following actions:

        • Utilize a value-based pricing methodology to set the right initial price.
        • Establish (and enforce) effective policies for managing day-to-day pricing decisions.
        • Eliminate disconnects between a company’s business strategy and its product pricing.

        References

        1. Michael V. Marn, Eric V. Roegner and Craig C. Zawada, The Price Advantage (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2004) 4-6.
        2. Michael V. Marn, Eric V. Roegner and Craig C. Zawada, The Price Advantage (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2004) 6-7.

        Amy Fulford is the managing partner and founder of enlight, a Seattle, Washington-based boutique consulting firm. Before starting enlight, she was employed at The Boston Consulting Group, Alcoa Inc., Procter & Gamble and Huntington Bank. Fulford has worked in many industries and sectors, including transportation, building and construction, consumer products, financial services, distribution, manufacturing, nonprofit and professional services. Contact Fulford at amy.fulford@enlightadvisors.com or www.enlightadvisors.com.

        The Three P’s of Powerful Leadership

        December 14, 2015

        by David Waits, Waits Consulting Group, Inc.

        Leadership is not a position!

        A local newspaper has a daily section titled “Progressions,” allowing companies to publicly recognize employees who have been promoted to leadership positions, such as general manager. The announcement is a very nice recognition for the new leader, but the promotion, in and of itself, doesn’t make the person a powerful, productive leader. The promotion does allow the new leader to exercise the roles and responsibilities of the position, but the promotion has very little to do with the leadership effectiveness of the person who received it.

        The power of the position and the potential of the leader are maximized only when the leader understands and leverages their performance, presence and profitability.

        1. Performance is what you do. Like it or not, at the end of the day – or quarter, or year – leaders are evaluated by what they get done and get done through others. Leaders are paid to get results. They are not paid for their intentions or mere activity.

        Intentions matter, but results rule!

        “I meant to have a discussion with the underperforming team member, but I just haven’t had a chance to talk to them,” says the well-meaning leader. The question is not, “Did you talk to them?” The question is, “Did the underperforming team member’s behavior improve?” Intentions without actions create nothing. Action, such as having the talk with the underperformer, that doesn’t produce results is simply activity, not productivity. Performance is measured by results.

        Aesop rightly stated, “When all is said and done, more is said than done.” Performance, measured by results, is the metric of your leadership ability.

        2. Presence is who you are. You can’t be one type of person and another type of leader. Although you can try to fool people and maybe even obtain pseudo-success for a short season, time ultimately will reveal the real you. Who you are, in the core of your being, will determine your presence. How big is your presence?

        Someone who is physically large is noticed when they simply walk into a room. Former NBA superstar Shaquille O’Neal is over seven feet tall, weighing in at over 300 pounds. Everywhere he goes, his physical presence is commanding.

        When you enter a room, are you noticed? Are you respected? Do people want your input? Are you listened to? Are you commanding? Your presence is the key to positively and powerfully influencing people.

        Remember, a title or position does not a leader make. A position can be conferred on you. When something is conferred, it is placed and bestowed on you by someone else. It is recognition of a position. Your position allows you to perform the roles and functions of a leader, but it is your presence that determines your effectiveness. Presence is inferred upon you. Something inferred involves a conclusion. People are concluding, “This person has a dynamic presence that makes me want to follow them.”

        Are you working as hard on who you are as you are working at the job you do? Your job functions are important and your ability to be highly functional in your job as a leader is directly proportional to your presence. Your presence increases as you grow as a person. When you become great at who you are, you become remarkable at what you do! Constantly invest time and money in personal growth.

        3. Profitability is the value you bring to those you lead. The bottom line number reflects profitability, but it is more than that. Is your team profitable because of you?

        In the arena of interaction with those you lead, are you profiting from them? Are they better – more profitable themselves – because they are around you? Do you inspire? Do you motivate? Do you create synergy?

        There are many world-class athletes playing in team sports who have tremendous individual skills, yet the team fails to obtain championship status. Michael Jordan was arguably the greatest basketball player of all time. His greatness wasn’t only measured by his ability to make baskets and his incredible desire to win, but by making others better. For many of his years in the NBA, he was surrounded by, at best, serviceable role players. Yet his presence made others profitable because he brought out the best in his other team members. He helped raise the entire team to a winning, championship level.

        Your potential is maximized and your power exploited when you leverage all of the following:

        • Your productivity: your effective actions, not your noble intentions.
        • Your presence: constantly investing in yourself, stretching and growing to increase the size of your presence.
        • Your profitability: evaluate yourself by looking to the outcome – is there profitability in your leadership in the bottom line and are people better because they have been influenced by you?

        When you maximize the Three P’s – Productivity, Presence and Profitability – it is likely you will not only show up in the “Progressions” section of your local newspaper, but also make the front page headline as well. If you are not on your newspaper’s front page, you certainly will make the headlines with the most important people in your sphere of influence – those who are following you.

        David Waits, founder of Waits Consulting Group, Inc., is a consultant, speaker and author. As a proven expert in developing powerful initiatives that revolutionize culture, Waits helps his clients create a thriving organizational environment that facilitates rapid growth, innovative development and on-going profitability. He has worked with clients in all 50 states, including Quest Diagnostics, General Dynamics, Major League Baseball, Walmart, Walt Disney World and numerous other world-class organizations. For more information, visit www.DavidWaits.com.

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